{"id":347,"date":"2013-07-16T22:50:15","date_gmt":"2013-07-17T03:50:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/donaldwinslow.info\/blog\/?p=347"},"modified":"2013-07-16T22:54:48","modified_gmt":"2013-07-17T03:54:48","slug":"egypt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/donaldwinslow.info\/blog\/?p=347","title":{"rendered":"Egypt"},"content":{"rendered":"<style type=\"text\/css\"><!--\nP { margin-bottom: 0.08in; }A:link {  }\n--><\/style>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in;\">The Arab Spring of 2011 swept Hosni Mubarak from power in Egypt. The military took control of the country until elections could be held and a constitution ratified.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in;\">\u00a0On 15 April 2013, the Cairo Criminal Court ruled in favor of Mubarak&#8217;s appeal of charges for killing protesters in January 2011 (Nouran, 27 April 2013). He obtained a release order because he had been detained for longer than the legal duration of two years for preventive custody. However, he continued to be held on charges of financial corruption, having amassed a fortune exceeding the capabilities of his legitimate earnings.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Mohamed Morsi was inaugurated as president on <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">30 June<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"> 2012 in <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">what was widely regarded as <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Egypt&#8217;s first democratic election. One year later, millions of protesters demanded <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Morsi&#8217;s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"> resignation<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">(<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Kingsley, 30 June 2013).<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">On 3 July 2013 the army removed him from power (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Fleishman and Hassieb, 3 July 2013)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in;\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Morsi&#8217;s removal<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"> was followed by counterprotests and violence, as Morsi&#8217;s Muslim Brotherhood party clashed with his opponents and the police and army (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Michael <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">et al.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">,<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"> 5 July 2013<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">; Tait, 5 July 2013<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">).<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">On 8 July 2013, over 50 pro-Morsi protesters were killed, as were 3 members of security forces (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">S<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">olovieva, 9 July 2013).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">There has been much debate, inside and outside Egypt, on whether Morsi&#8217;s ouster should be considered a coup or a revolution (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">e.g.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">; Farwell and Arakelian, 16 July 2013).<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"> Clearly it was both.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"> The Obama Administration in the USA <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">has <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">avoided calling it a coup, because using that term would make it <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">illegal<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"> to continue to provide military aid to Egypt&#8217;s army (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Democracy Now!, 16 July 2013). <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in;\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">The primary strategic interest that western powers have in Egyptian politics is the preservation of Egypt&#8217;s peace treaty with Israel (<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Farwell and Arakelian, 16 July 2013).<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"> Because most of the USA&#8217;s aid for Egypt goes directly to the military (Democracy Now!, 16 July 2013), the military will continue to be able to operate independently from civilian government and will continue to be the true seat of power.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Any election can be followed by a coup, with or without popular support. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Democracy in Egypt will not be possible with this degree of foreign intervention.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in;\"><b>Literature Cited<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; font-weight: normal;\">\u00a0Democracy Now! 16 July 2013. &#8220;The jailers should be jailed&#8221;: Sharif Abdel Kouddous on the embrace of Egypt&#8217;s military post-Morsi. <i>Democracy Now!<\/i><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.democracynow.org\/2013\/7\/16\/the_jailers_should_be_jailed_sharif\">http:\/\/www.democracynow.org\/2013\/7\/16\/the_jailers_should_be_jailed_sharif<\/a>, accessed 16 July 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in;\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">El-Behairy, Nouran. 27 April 2013. Court accepts Mubarak&#8217;s appeal, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Daily News Egypt<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">,<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dailynewsegypt.com\/2013\/04\/27\/court-accepts-mubaraks-appeal\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">http:\/\/www.dailynewsegypt.com\/2013\/04\/27\/court-accepts-mubaraks-appeal\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">, accessed 28 April 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in;\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Farwell, James; and Darby Arakelian. 16 July 2013. Mohamed Morsi Coup: Ditching Morsi was a choice, not a coup. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Policymic<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.policymic.com\/articles\/54805\/mohamed-morsi-coup-ditching-morsi-was-a-choice-not-a-coup\">http:\/\/www.policymic.com\/articles\/54805\/mohamed-morsi-coup-ditching-morsi-was-a-choice-not-a-coup<\/a>, accessed 16 July 2013.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in;\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Fleishman, Jeffrey; and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Ingy Hassieb. 3 July 2013. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Egyptian army ousts President Mohamed Morsi, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Los Angeles Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/news\/nationworld\/world\/middleeast\/la-fg-egypt-morsi-20130704,0,5033651.story\">http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/news\/nationworld\/world\/middleeast\/la-fg-egypt-morsi-20130704,0,5033651.story<\/a>, accessed 4 July 2013.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in;\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Kingsley, Patrick. 30 June 2013. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Protesters across Egypt call for Mohamed Morsi to go. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">The Guardian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/world\/2013\/jun\/30\/mohamed-morsi-egypt-protests\">http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/world\/2013\/jun\/30\/mohamed-morsi-egypt-protests<\/a>, accessed 1 July 2013.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in;\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Michael, Maggie; <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Sarah El Deeb; and Lee Keath. 5 July 2013. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Clashes erupt in major pushback by Egypt Islamists, <\/span><\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Associated Press<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">, accessed on 5 July 2013 at <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/clashes-erupt-major-pushback-egypt-islamists-192005534.html\">http:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/clashes-erupt-major-pushback-egypt-islamists-192005534.html<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Solovieva, Daria. 9 July 2013. How Mohammed Morsi&#8217;s <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">ouster in Egypt may help radicalize Islamists. <\/span><\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">International Business Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/how-mohammed-morsis-ouster-egypt-may-help-radicalize-islamists-1337341\">http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/how-mohammed-morsis-ouster-egypt-may-help-radicalize-islamists-1337341<\/a>, accessed 9 July 2013.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in;\"><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">Tait, Robert. 5 July 2013. Egypt crisis: Mohamed Morsi supporters shot dead as they march on military barracks, <\/span><\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">The Telegraph<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/egypt\/10162440\/Egypt-crisis-Mohamed-Morsi-supporters-shot-dead-as-they-march-on-military-barracks.html\">http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/egypt\/10162440\/Egypt-crisis-Mohamed-Morsi-supporters-shot-dead-as-they-march-on-military-barracks.html<\/a>, accessed 7 July 2013.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Arab Spring of 2011 swept Hosni Mubarak from power in Egypt. The military took control of the country until elections could be held and a constitution ratified. \u00a0On 15 April 2013, the Cairo Criminal Court ruled in favor of Mubarak&#8217;s appeal of charges for killing protesters in January 2011 (Nouran, 27 April 2013). He [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/donaldwinslow.info\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/347"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/donaldwinslow.info\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/donaldwinslow.info\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/donaldwinslow.info\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/donaldwinslow.info\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=347"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/donaldwinslow.info\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/347\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":350,"href":"http:\/\/donaldwinslow.info\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/347\/revisions\/350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/donaldwinslow.info\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/donaldwinslow.info\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/donaldwinslow.info\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}